AP ECET PHYSICS Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

AP ECET Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics - MCQs

1. 106. Which of the following laws describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?
   A) Boyle's Law
   B) Charles's Law
   C) Ideal Gas Law
   D) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
   Answer: A) Boyle's Law
2. 107. The absolute scale of temperature is based on the concept of:
   A) Freezing point of water
   B) Boiling point of water
   C) Zero thermal energy
   D) Zero pressure
   Answer: C) Zero thermal energy
3. 108. According to Charles's Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at:
   A) Constant pressure
   B) Constant volume
   C) Constant temperature
   D) Constant mass
   Answer: A) Constant pressure
4. 109. The ideal gas law is given by the equation:
   A) PV = nRT
   B) P = nRT/V
   C) P = RT/V
   D) V = nRT/P
   Answer: A) PV = nRT
5. 110. The value of the universal gas constant (R) in SI units is:
   A) 8.31 J/mol·K
   B) 0.0821 atm·L/mol·K
   C) 1.987 cal/mol·K
   D) All of the above
   Answer: D) All of the above
6. 111. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the gas:
   A) Increases
   B) Decreases
   C) Remains constant
   D) None of the above
   Answer: C) Remains constant
7. 112. The work done by a gas in an isothermal expansion is:
   A) Positive
   B) Zero
   C) Negative
   D) Depends on the gas
   Answer: A) Positive
8. 113. In an adiabatic process, the heat exchange with the surroundings is:
   A) Zero
   B) Positive
   C) Negative
   D) Constant
   Answer: A) Zero
9. 114. The first law of thermodynamics is mathematically expressed as:
   A) ΔU = Q + W
   B) ΔU = Q - W
   C) ΔU = W + P
   D) ΔU = W - Q
   Answer: B) ΔU = Q - W
10. 115. In an isothermal process, the internal energy of an ideal gas:
    A) Increases
    B) Decreases
    C) Remains constant
    D) Varies depending on the pressure
    Answer: C) Remains constant
11. 116. The relation between Cp (specific heat at constant pressure) and Cv (specific heat at constant volume) for an ideal gas is:
    A) Cp = Cv + R
    B) Cp = Cv - R
    C) Cp = Cv
    D) Cp = Cv + P
    Answer: A) Cp = Cv + R
12. 117. The second law of thermodynamics is associated with:
    A) Conservation of energy
    B) Entropy increase
    C) Heat transfer
    D) Work done by a gas
    Answer: B) Entropy increase
13. 118. Which of the following processes is adiabatic?
    A) Heating of a gas in a container
    B) Compression of a gas in an insulated container
    C) Cooling of a gas in a non-insulated container
    D) Expansion of gas at constant temperature
    Answer: B) Compression of a gas in an insulated container
14. 119. In an adiabatic expansion of a gas, the temperature of the gas:
    A) Increases
    B) Decreases
    C) Remains constant
    D) Depends on the volume
    Answer: B) Decreases
15. 120. Which of the following is the correct unit for the universal gas constant (R) in the SI system?
    A) J/mol·K
    B) atm·L/mol·K
    C) J/K
    D) K/mol·L
    Answer: A) J/mol·K

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